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Part 1 of 1
DNA consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands forming a double helix. Complementary base pairing: Adenine pairs with Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds), Guanine pairs with Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds). In RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine.
DNA replication is semi-conservative. Key enzymes: - Helicase: unwinds double helix. - DNA Polymerase III: synthesizes new strand 5' -> 3'. - Primase: lays down RNA primers. - DNA Ligase: seals Okazaki fragments on lagging strand.
Worked example
Analyze base composition using Chargaff's rules. A double-stranded DNA sample contains 28% Cytosine. By base pairing, % Guanine = 28%. Total G+C = 56%. Remaining A+T = 44%. Since % Adenine = % Thymine, % Adenine = 44% / 2 = 22%. Thus, Adenine = 22%, Thymine = 22%, Guanine = 28%, Cytosine = 28%.
1.Guanine pairs with Cytosine via three hydrogen bonds in double-stranded DNA.
2.DNA replication is conservative, preserving original intact double helices.
3.RNA Polymerase synthesizes RNA using Uracil instead of Thymine.
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