Logic & Critical Reasoning
LogicLesson 1 of 3
Syllogisms, Conditionals & Logical Equivalence
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Deductive logic questions reward strict adherence to formal rules rather than real-world intuition.
Contrapositive Law: P \implies Q \iff \neg Q \implies \neg P
- Modus Ponens: Given P \implies Q and P, conclude Q.
- Modus Tollens: Given P \implies Q and \neg Q, conclude \neg P.
- Converse fallacy: Given P \implies Q and Q, concluding P is INVALID.
- Negation of "All X are Y" is "At least one X is NOT Y".
- Translate the statement into symbolic notation (P -> Q).
- Write down the contrapositive immediately.
- Eliminate options that commit converse or inverse fallacies.
Exam strategy
Focus on understanding underlying concepts — exam questions test application, not memorization.
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