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L'atomo è costituito da un nucleo centrale denso contenente protoni (carica +1, massa ~1 u.m.a.) e neutroni (carica 0, massa ~1 u.m.a.), circondato da un livello di elettroni (carica -1, massa trascurabile).
Worked example
Il Carbonio-12 (^12C) ed il Carbonio-14 (^14C) hanno entrambi Z = 6 protoni, ma differiscono nei neutroni: il ^12C possiede 6 neutroni (A = 12), mentre il ^14C possiede 8 neutroni (A = 14). Essendo lo stesso elemento, condividono le medesime proprietà chimiche.
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