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A strict logical inference is a statement that MUST be true if the passage premises are true. It requires zero speculation or outside assumptions.
Do not confuse a valid inference with a plausible hypothesis. If a statement could be false while the passage remains true, it is not a valid strict inference.
Worked example
Passage: 'All 50 employees who attended the workshop passed the certification.' Valid inference: 'No employee who attended the workshop failed the certification.' Invalid speculation: 'Employees who missed the workshop failed.'
1.A valid strict inference is a conclusion that must be true based entirely on the passage statements.
2.A statement that sounds plausible in real life is automatically a valid inference.
3.If a passage states that X increased by 20%, inferring that X did not remain constant is valid.
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